Cardiology

Cardiac troponin is a heart muscle protein that is released after an injury of the heart into the bloodstream. Troponin appear 4-6 hours after the onset of infarction and detectable in the blood for up to 7 days. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and troponin T (cTnT) are sub-units of the troponin complex. By its nature (heart muscle specific protein) cardiac troponin I is more particularly suited than any other marker for the detection of myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction.


Cardiac troponin is a heart muscle protein that is released after an injury of the heart into the bloodstream. Troponin appear 4-6 hours after the onset of infarction and detectable in the blood for up to 7 days. Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and troponin T (cTnT) are sub-units of the troponin complex. By its nature (heart muscle specific protein) cardiac troponin I is more particularly suited than any other marker for the detection of myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction.


Myoglobin is a protein that is found mainly in cardiac and skeletal muscle. The biological function of this protein is the transport of oxygen within the cell to the mitochondira. When a muscle injury occurs, myoglobin enters the bloodstream. In the case of a heart attack, Myoglobin will rise after 1-2 hours; this is the first indication of a heart attack. After 4-6 hours it reaches its maximum levels, after 12-24 hours the levels will come down into the normal range.


Creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) is a protein that is released, after cardiac injury of the heart muscle, into the bloodstream. CK-MB has a molecular weight of 87.0 kDa. Creatine kinase is a dimer which consists of 2 subunits “M” and “B”. There are three different isoforms, CK-MM, CK-BB, and CK-MB. CK-MB is the isoenzyme of creatine kinase, which is most involved in the metabolism of the heart muscle tissue. The release of CK-MB in the bloodstream can indicate that a myocardial infarction (MI) has occured, symptoms appear within 3-8 hours after onset. The maximum value is reached between 9-30 hours and returned to normal activity within 48 to 72 hours. CK-MB is one of the most important cardiac markers and is widely recognised as the usual marker for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction.

The CK-MB Test detects CK-MB in whole blood, serum, or plasma. The detection limit is 5 ng / mL.



D-dimer is a fibrin degradation product, a small protein fragment that is present after the removal of a blood clot using Fribronolyse. During coagulation, the fibrinogen is metabolised by the activation of thrombin on fibrin. Fibrin is composed of D and E units. The cleavage of fibrin leads to so-called D-dimers. These are determined in order to support a thrombosis, the D-dimer concentration is determined by using a blood test. Testing for D-dimer in blood has become an important test for patients with suspected thrombosis diseases. While a negative result virtually excludes thrombosis, a positive result indicates thrombosis but does not rule out other possible diseases. Its main use therefore is the exclusion of thromboembolic disease. D-dimer testing is of clinical benefit with suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE). In patients with suspected disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), a test can assist on D-dimer in diagnosis.


C-reactive protein (CrP) is a non-specific protein, which is used in addition to the diagnosis of bacterial infections and inflammatory disorders as well as in acute rheumatic fever and rheumatoid arthritis. This test is also very useful for the assessment of risks for heart disease. The determination of CrP mirrors can be helpful in the assessment of cardiovascular risk, heart attacks, or strokes in healthy people.